Happy Easter everyone. For me, its sparked a few questions I'd love some comments on.
Last week, we sat through a passover meal at a little Anglican church in town. For the Jews, apparently, Passover is a time to remember to Exodus, particularly the way the angel of death passed over the doors of the Jewish families while it was on its way to kill all the firstborn children and animals of all the other Egyptians.
Does anyone else find this story problematic? The story of the plagues is great if we look at God's heart for the oppressed and the way he actively leads them to freedom, but his actions seem morally reprehensible in so many other ways.
Imagine if Nelson Mandela had killed all the firstborn white South Africans in order to set black South Africans free from apartheid - we would have tried him for crimes against humanity not given him the Nobel Peace Prize.
Even in terms of just war theory, God's slaughter of the first borns falls short on a number of criteria.
While I'm always wary of comparative morality, it does seem like keeping someone a slave is not the same as killing all the first born children in the land, so it falls short of the concept of proportional retaliation.
Just war theory also suggests that violence should be inflicted against the inflictors of the wrong, not civilians. Surely first born children qualify as civilians here and don't deserve this?
Similarly, it's very questionable whether killing all the firstborn was an action governed by the principle of minimum force; surely there were less extreme ways to cripple a country and let the Jews go free?
Love to hear what people do with this? I've also got some questions about the sacrificial lamb concept which will come in a separate post. Enjoy the last of the long weekend.
Comments
through the eyes of the Canaanite
This is not an answer, or even an attempt to an answer. Been reading The Bible after Babel these past few days (will post a review on my blog when I'm done) and came onto an interesting thing. What will happen if we read something like Joshua through the eyes of the Canaanites? Would we see the same caring God? Or is that even possible to read a text written through the eyes of one group of people through the eyes of another hypothetical group, other than our own eyes?
blogging at mycontemplations.wordpress.com
Thanks Kevin!!
Thanks Kevin!! You've officially ruined Easter for me for evermore:) Some interesting questions raised, though ...
Hi kevin
Hi Kevin
Was only teasing about you ruining Easter:) I've really enjoyed your posts. Food for thought... Where is your 'passover blog'?
Thanks.
Linda
Holiness
I guess the answer to your question is what you regard the characteristic of holiness to be like as it functions in the person of God. What happens when the holiness of God comes into contact with a world that has rebelled against him? This question will be answered differently depending upon your view of the holiness of God.
Holiness??
I really struggle with this concept of holiness as it seems to be a justification of anything 'bad' that God does. God can send people to hell because he is holy, he can kill people because he is holy, he can be cruel to people because he is holy. Holiness seems like the least attractive trait I have ever come across! And it seems the churches even encourage us to become holy - does that mean that as we as Christians become more holy we start partaking more and more in similar horrendous activities??
I realise my comment is a little full of emotion (!) but I'm really frustrated by the mainstream interpretation of the concept holiness and with that the way holiness is used to justify some terrible stuff. Is there a way to understand holiness that is more in alignment with other character traits of God? Is there a way to understand God's violence in a way that is more in alignment with other aspects of his character?
Where does it come from?
Hi Cori - I'm just wondering 2 things:
1) I see you're "frustrated by the mainstream interpretation of the concept holiness" - have you ever stopped to wonder where this 'mainstream' interpretation came from? Do you think the evangelical church developed it to deal with things like God's wrath and judgment or do you think they got it from trying to present what the scriptures say about holiness?
2) How do you read a passage like Isaiah 6:1-7? How does the Bible seem to be portraying the concept of holiness there?
We all want a God who is perfectly loving, perfectly good and perfectly caring - what about a God who is perfectly pure and also perfectly just.
Part of the Plan
Something you need to remember about the story of the Angel of death and the children is that its set within a larger story. There is a context and purpose to it. God's people (the same people through whom He was to bless the nations) was being oppressed by the nation of Egypt. God's promises to his people were not going to fail and so he acted. But please note how he acted, Moses and Aaron are sent from God to Egypt, and they patiently proclaim the will of God to Pharaoh. Pharaoh had plenty of oppurtunity to listen and respond, even after many signs given my Moses. His response? "Who is the Lord (Yahweh), that i should obey him and let Israel go? (Ex 5:2). Nine plagues later, Egypt is all but crippled, God displays for all Egypt who He is, even the nations in the Land of Canaan will hear of it. One remains, the one you have brought up. The point of this final plague, the one that finally breaks the resolve of Pharaoh that has resisted Moses and resisted God? It is God's gracious act to allow salvation for his people. How? By substitution. Of course this is but a shadow of the greater reality in Jesus (the Lamb who takes away the sin of the world Jn 1:29) which points us to the cross as Paul understood it, "...For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed." 1 Cor 5:7
Passover
When I was an Anglican I organised a Passover meal a couple of times. It was a Christianised version of the Jewish one, but I would not do it again. When I did it we were in the apartheid time, and it helped to understand what God was doing then, and also what Easter is about. And one of the things that it is about is that it liberates not only the Israelites, but the Egyptians too.
This is the day of resurrection. Let us be illumined, O people. Pascha, the Pascha of the Lord. For from death to life and from earth to heaven has Christ our God led us, as we sing the song of victory: Christ is risen from the dead
Who is God?
Kevin... i think you like to stir the pot a little from time to time... You do it very well!
From a human perspective (ie my emotional response) I have to put my weight behind Antony who points out well that God was more than patient with Egypt before He reigned the terror you struggle to associate with.
Furthermore, some basic responses to your post - just shooting from the hip here, okay:
Firstly - Who are we to question God - and what i mean by this is simply "Lets start from a place of assuming God got it right... that His seamingly 'reprehensible' actions are probably more than justifiable and righteous, and that it is we who are having trouble understanding Him"
Secondly - and i think this is often the root of many of our troubles as Western minds, is that we struggle with the paradox that God can be both the Righteous Judge and the Gracious Father. It would seem to me, Kevin, that both you and i have significant revelation on the Gracious Father, but relatively little revelation on the Righteous Judge. The idea that He is BOTH/AND, rather that EITHER/OR is what un-does us more often than not. The point is this - somewhere in the Righteous Judgement that the Egyptians 'suffered' during Passover, was a Gracious Father manifest aswell.... and we would do well to seek Him out in that context - would probably do wonders for our understanding of who He is.
Lastly - i think that trying to 'understand' God and judge His actions by passing them through our man made concepts like "proportional retaliation", "just war theory" and the "principle of minimum force" is like trying to fit God into our box... trying to make Him in our image. The fact is, God is dangerous, unpredicatable and downright offensive many times - the problem is, this doesn't quite fit into our mould. The "Gentle Jesus meek and mild" mindset/picture we have of God is simply not true. He is the Warrior, Commander, Captian of the Host, Lion of the Tribe of Judah and The Almighty!
I hope these responses assist a little with your struggle Kevin.
Thanks for the comments
I do like to stir the pot, but unfortunately these posts aren't just me being mischievious; I really do struggle with these kinds of passages, because I think we continue to see life imitating the Bible.
So when planes fly into the World Trade Centre, prominent leaders of the American right see it as God's judgement on homosexuals and feminists, among others. And when the Tsunami hits, some Christians see it as righteous judgment on sinful islands. And when Afrikaners settle in South Africa, they read Exodus and use it as a model for their conquest. And when George Bush declares war of Iraq, the Christians are the first to support him rather than the first to call for peace.
Obviously, not all Christians do these kinds of things, but I believe there are enough examples that we need to be aware that there is a concrete link between the biblical depiction of God as a violent warrior and our own predisposition to violence.
After all, one of the foundations of our ethical behaviour is supposed to be the imitation of God - so if God is violent, so should we be.
Stephen, quoting verses that show God being violent elsewhere doesn't help me reconcile this, unfortunately. I remember doing an assignment on violence in the Old Testament, where i had to go through every example - it was traumatic. But if we want to believe that God killed first born children because it's in the Bible, then we need to be aware that this means God did a lot of other horrible things, according to the Bible, including ordering the genocidal slaughters of entire towns, including women and children, or letting Job's life be ruined simply to win a bet (which he loses anyway). Mark Twain had a point when he called the Old Testament account of God's doings "the most damnatory biography that exists in print anywhere." I recommend you do the exercise and ask yourself seriously if you can love the God of the Old Testament as he is revealed in the biblical text, and if you can trust him.
Anthony, I understand that God's action may all be part of a plan and have a context and good cause, but the same applies to Nelson Mandela's fight against apartheid, and he seemed to handle it better. Now I love Madiba, but he really shouldn't be looking better than God, should he?
And yes, LittleLion, I also understand that if God is nasty, none of us have the right to complain, because he created us and holds creator-rights over us to do as he will, and we were nasty to him too. I could perhaps submit to a God like that if I really believed in him, but I'm not sure I could love him. I agree God's morality is not our morality; but surely it should be better, not worse?
Studying postcolonial literature taught me to always look at things from the opposite perspective, as Cobus suggested, and when we do this much of the Old Testament does become seriously problematic.
I appreciate the comments, but don't see any less of a problem.
So I think Cori hit the nail on the head when she said we need to look for new ways to understand these passages and these concepts.
Thanks again for the comments...
I relate!
Hi Kevin
I so identify with your heartfelt struggle. I don't know where I position myself yet (it's a work in progress!) but I identify with your questions. If you're anything like me, you 'stir the pot' not because you like to be 'difficult' or 'controversial', but because you know that you cannot honestly love God and respond to him freely if you have not found some kind of resolution to these issues. You can obey, certainly, but that is not the same thing. I also agree that our perception of how God deals with people will most certainly affect the way that we deal with people.
I appreciate your honesty, and your willingness to 'put it all out there', knowing that you will potentially be shot down.
I long to find answers to the questions that you have raised, and will continue to search and explore and hear different viewpoints. I appreciate hearing diverse viewpoints on this site.
Linda
Thanks Linda
Appreciated. Nice to know I'm not the only one.
Better or Worse?
You wrote "I agree God's morality is not our morality; but surely it should be better, not worse?" - and there is it... again we are eating from the wrong tree. It was the fall of Man, and continues to trip well intentioned Christians.
As long as we spend our time trying to decipher right from wrong (better from worse), we remain distracted from the Tree of Life. Eating from the "Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil" will not lead us to God, will not introduce us to Him, and will certainly not provide any light to this discussion. If you really must ask these questions, then perhaps the question should be "Does this bring/lead to life or death?", rather than "is this right or wrong?", or "is this better or worse?". This question could even be asked about the questions we ask and the topics we discuss in this forum.
A sincere attempt to assist with you quandary...
The scope of the gospel
Hi Little Lion
I'm not sure I entirely understand you, because I see a number of dangers in what you propose...
I agree that exploring right and wrong can get us into trouble, but I'm not sure how it's avoidable. To be honest, you're probably the first person I've heard suggest that we should.
If we limit our questions to "Does this bring life or death," as you suggest, it implies that the gospel is just a get out of jail free card to get us into heaven, and that it speaks only to life after death. I think that would be selling the gospel well short.
For me salvation is no longer merely personal - it encompasses God's work in the whole of life, including the environment and life now, not just after death. I believe God calls us to work together to bring his kingdom now - his peace, his justice, his mercy - and that his kingdom extends beyond the church and beyond issues of personal salvation. This means that we have to deal with concrete realities, which involves making judgment calls on what's right and what's wrong. It can get messy, but it's necessary.
In the same way that the church has endorsed violence, it has endorsed slavery and sexism, among other things, at various stages in history, and I thank God that there were people who did stand up and ask: "is this right or wrong" rather than just "does this bring life or death" or "is this going to get people into heaven?"
Perhaps I'm misunderstanding what you're implying, but I think we'd sell ourselves far short if we opted out of right/wrong debates.
My Story
Hi Kevin - thanks for you honest reply. Instead of me trying to reason with your arguments let me rather present my own story of how I deal with the same problem you face.
Firstly I've done quite a bit of intensive study of the Old Testament and I'm fully of aware of the full frontal brutality that God dishes out on various groups. Secondly I think that people (and I don't think you're saying this) who say that God is a God of wrath and judgment in the OT but a God of love and grace in the NT aren't reading the text very clearly at all. There's a stack-load of grace and love in the OT and a stack-load of wrath and judgment in the NT - It's the same God in both.
Secondly I come from the presupposition that the Bible is a unit and is delivered to us saying exactly what God wants it to say to us through the agents of the various authors in their various contexts. I see no other document on a par with the Bible in terms of authority. I take what the Bible says as what God says - within each grammatical/historic context of the various segments of text that make up the Bible.
So how do I reconcile this OT picture then? Well for me the issue revolves around the holiness of God. As far as I can see the way the term holiness is used of God in the Bible is to really describe the very essence of who he is. And that is completely and absolutely perfect and pure in every single one of his characteristics - he's flawless.
Now when this perfectly just creator God comes into contact with mankind who themselves are the creation, and when this creation declares autonomy from God and basically shake's its fist in his face, when this happens, the results are explosive (hence much of what we see in the OT and continue to see in a world that is under the sovereign control of God). Now from the beginning God should just wipe us all out - he created us, we told him 'stuff you' - he should have obliterated us. For him to do anything else would be to deny his perfect justice. Instead we live on, we are given a chance to repent, to turn back to him - that's grace and love. How is he able to show this grace and love and yet remain perfectly just? Through the substitute sacrifice of his son Jesus in place of the entire fallen creation. His perfect justice is appeased at the cross and autonomous, rebellious people are able to be reconciled to him.
God should wipe us all out, but he hasn' because he is a God of love and grace - yet that has to co-exist with his perfect justice. The cross of Christ is the great point in world history that makes that possible.
That is the only way I can explain these things. Without this, I have no hope in this world, without this I have a mighty powerful god who changes his mind (which is a horrific thought), or a god who lies, or god who is just the figment of men's imagination.
That for me is the wonder of the gospel. That God, in his perfect character would give up his son's life in order to love me a rebellious sinner. I have no other claim.
My story til recently
Hi Stephen
Thanks for this. This was my story too, almost word for word, until fairly recently. Recently, however, I've started to question part of your story:
"Now from the beginning God should just wipe us all out - he created us, we told him 'stuff you' - he should have obliterated us. For him to do anything else would be to deny his perfect justice."
This is the story of almost every parent. Every parent creates their child, only for it to turn around and give them the middle finger. Does this mean that we should expect all parents to obliterate all children?
As for the Bible being a higher authority than anything else written, I can probably agree with that. It's our base document that we have to keep coming back to and measuring our theories against. I can even say that it's the way God wanted it to be.
But does that mean that it's a non-contradictory unit that is perfectly reliable and without error, or that we can make decisions on the Bible plus nothing, minus nothing? I don't think so.
The gospels frequently contradict each other (maybe not in theme, but in detail). So, for example, as Dawkins points out in the God Delusion, "Matthew traces Joseph’s descent from King David via 28 intermediate generations, while Luke has 41 generations? Worse, there is almost no overlap of names on the list! In any case, if Jesus really was born of a virgin, Joseph’s ancestry is irrelevant.” And I could go on and on.
But perhaps it's best for us to agree to disagree, since it does feel like we've been here before in our discussions.
Well done Stephen and LittleLion
I just have to say that when i first got saved i had a thousand questions about why God did this and that, but being a Christian is about having faith, and tehre is no pint in having faith in something you can already see-that would not be faith!!
When you surreneder your all, you choose to believe that God is real and that Jesus died for your sins and that the Bible is the living word of God. The God in the OT is the same God in the NT. It is a simple message as i mentioned on my first and only blog-Jesus dies for our sins-and we complicate things with our human minds that cannot be at rest with a simple message from our creator. It must hurt God to see our lack of faith and respect for him. HE IS GOD, HE IS HOLY, HE KNOWS ALL, HE SEES ALL, AND HE HAS PREDESTINED EVERYTHING- ehy can we not just rest in this and enjoy being his friend, his disciple. He says, "Tryst in me and lean not on your own understanding"....that makes it very clear that our ways are niot Gods ways, and that we cannot comprehend or understand his ways. Why stuggle with it. Just accept it.
I think Stephen and LittleLion have come to understand what having reverence for the Lord and his word means.
Welcome
Hi Tami
Welcome to the site.
When I met my wife, I had a thousand questions about her. Soon, however, I reached a point where I realised that my relationship with her didn't depend on answering all of them - I loved her, and I loved her enough to want to spend the rest of my life with her, even though I still didn't (and don't) understand parts of her. At this stage, I didn't stop asking questions about her or trying to understand her though - I think she would have been quite offended if I had. The questions were no longer barriers; but they were still important.
I like to think it's the same with God.
Incidentally, I'm not a new Christian, and I don't feel like that I lack faith or respect for him. Rather, it's my faith that encourages me to question. I don't question God himself, but my construct and understanding of who he is. I'll never understand him completely, just as I'll never own truth completely, but I can move closer or further away from a correct understanding of God, just as I can move closer or further away from a correct understanding of truth.
To be honest, I struggled a bit with your post. Please be aware that blogs aren't good for seeing people's hearts, hearing their tone of voice, or seeing their journey until now, so be slow to judge and careful in how you create in/out groupings. Try see these posts as pastoral councilling sessions rather than arguments to win and take sides on (I'm speaking to myself as well here).
But welcome again and I hope you find the site helpful.
Questions...
I am all for questions, Kevin, and i commend you for your search and honesty regarding how you feel and the things you struggle with - don't ever stop doing that, ask questions and be real!
Personally, i think there is far too little questioning going on. South African Christians, in particular, have for far too long just accepted what we have been fed on Sunday mornings by the 'professional christians' who we pay and send up the mountain (like Israel did to Moses) to hear God for us! This resignation on our part, results in Christians being seperated from Christ - it is an abomination, and the heart of the spirit of the anti-christ!
Anything that assists Christians to stop and think for themselves for a change has got to be doing more good than bad - hence my interest and support in this community.
Quest on!
Thanks.
Will do.
God's mysterious ways
There is a story told, I think originally by a Rabbi, that when Moses and the Israelites were having a wild party to celebrate their escape from Egypt, and God said something like "My children lie drowned at the bottom of the sea, and you are singing and dancing?"
I've found this whole discussion somewhat strange, because something seems to be missing. I'm not sure what the "traditional" teaching on holiness is, and I'm not sure what it has to do with all this.
On Holy Saturday we sing those songs in church -- the some of Moses, the song of the three children in the fiery furnace, and finally Psalm 82, and singing the last verse after every verse: Arise, O God, judge the earth, for to thee belong all nations", and while singing that as the chorus everyone bangs their feet on the floor, making as much noise as possible.
And the "all nations" is just the point. Both the Israelites and the Egyptians are invited to the party this time around.
The world lies in the power of the evil one, and God had come himself to liberate both Israelites and Egyptians, Jews and Greeks.
God is an alien
Hi Kevin,
Let's not forget that God/-ess is an alien. S/He definately behaves strangely, doesn't comprehend maths like we do (the whole 3 = 1 thing and 1000 days = 1), and possibly leans toward vegetarianism.
Let's not forget that the Passover is a final act in a series, the putting to death of the first-born who don't participate in the Passover. As a final act, a conclusion that has a long history, we need to remember what precedes it and, hermeneutically, take into account the audience experiencing it then.
Each of the plagues show an increase in the scope of YHWH's power and conquer and Egyptian god or goddess. At some point YHWH demonstrates that S/He can control light and darkness in a disciminatory manner and then in the final plague demonstrates that S/He does not disciminate based on lineage - you're saved through relationship with YHWH and opportunities presented by Him/Her in this period of grace and destroyed through denying relationship and opportunity for salvation. Period.
Also, the whole saga is a showcase concerning the liberation of humans from captivity to powers enslaving us and misleading us in one form or another - the gods who rebelled against YHWH, deceived Adam and Eve, and continue in the background of human history.
Remember that Ra, the Egyptian high god, is an actual presense, a person though not human, who incarnates in the king as well as his firstborn son. In my reading YHWH is overstating His/Her point a bit by demonstrating all people, Jews and non-Jews and gods-incarnated, are the same and powerless before the sphere and scope of YHWH's power. Hence the first-born of all, including Jews, non-Jews and gods-incarnate who do not participate in the Passover are put to death. Harsh maybe, but point taken.
Let's not foget that this is the same YHWH who says "I don't want you to barbeque your fistborn, like the other local gods demand, rather let them be a living sacrifice and serve as my priests..." We definately skew the picture a little if we leave out these other acts, which are awesome pictures of redemption in a truly screwed-up Ancient Near Eastern world.
Envoy
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